Digital Influence Mapping Project

The Lesson Beneath "PR in Silicon Valley"

The NYTimes.com ran a story over the weekend (that finally ended up in the print edition Business section) about the social nature of public relations efforts on behalf of Web 2.0 startups in Silicon Valley called "Spinning the Web - PR in Silicon Valley." They mean old school "social" as their example is a PR pro in the Valley who makes hay of who she knows and her ability to get clients mentioned by those who's who of tech.

Is this back-to-the-future? Hasn't Silicon Valley always been a club of sorts? Now that some of those influencers run popular media properties like Digg and social networks like Twitter that have the 'reach' previously reserved for older more established media properties, now that every business analyst worth her salt gets "news" via an eclectic RSS collection complete with new influencer blogs and Twitter search results (see our TheDailyInfluence.com), this evolution is now complete. I have visions of Pam Alexander and her notorious networking social events that helped her rise to mythical status.

But underneath the story of one publicist/PR person who manages a network of influencers vs. pumping out press releases, is the true story of change.

Public Relations is quickly adapting to the practice of identifying new influencers who have their own public platform and following and can do more to raise awareness and engagement with relevant companies and brands than traditional media relations. This is not new. And for as many examples of old school PR shops who rely on press releases to gain "coverage", there are 5 more sophisticated "new communications" firms who not only understand the phenomena of word of mouth marketing via new influencers and networks of interest groups. Many, like ours, have gotten pretty sophisticated with the process of connecting with vast, new collections of third parties. 

The Silicon Valley tribes (Tech companies, VC, Web 2.0 startups, popular bloggers/twitters) is but one microcosm.

Influencer Segmentation
Turning 'working a crowd' into an effective and scaleable approach to engaging relevant third parties such that they will authentically want to share about a new product, an intriguing service or just cause is about seeing the millions of affinity "groups" online, gauging inlfuence amongst their "members" and then taking the care to provide them a true exchange of value.

For a recent automotive project, we purposely went beyond the car bloggers and even the social media echo-chamber (top bloggers in social media) to identify 6 additional segments. Each is relevant to the brand from parent bloggers (don't forget the dads in your mad-dash to court the mom bloggers!), to design geeks to eco-dabblers (regular folks who care about being 'green' and are willing to make some decisions to be more so).

For a financial services project, we have identified 16 interest groups - things that draw people together online - passions. Within each are different influencers defined by data and qualitative analysis. While Silicon Valley relies on influencers within the tech and social media circles we all know; the rest of the broad universe has its own influencers who you might not instantly recognize.

The article captures the relationship-driven nature of Silicon Valley public relations now dominated by new media properties and individuals. What it's really pointing out is the explosion of new influencers that we identify, build relationships and rely on to reach relevant people on behalf of companies and brands. The Silicon Valley tribes are but one small slice. 

Corporate Guide for Social Media - Redux

Forbes published yet another summary of what CEOs ought to be considering as they ponder guidelines for use of social media within the company. It used to be "blogging guidelines" - many of us created them for our companies years ago - IBM, Yahoo, Ogilvy. We have since expanded ours to cover more recent platforms and behaviors like Twitter and the hyper-public status of Facebook profiles (I encourage staff to think of their Facebook presence as a professional outpost - forget trying to draw a line between "private" and professional)

Our attitude towards our team is to encourage them to communicate not discourage. We are, after all, professional communicators. Our guidlines are about empowerment.

We take a lot for granted. I heard of a client who just recently made it possible for staff to access YouTube and Facebook. I think that type of restrictive access is more prevelant than I would have guessed.

Joshua-Michéle Ross from O'Reilly pens this particular list. The parts that capture a great spirit include:

"Build your policies around job performance, not fuzzy concerns about productivity.

If your employees are using Facebook at work, they are also likely checking work e-mail after dinner or at odd hours of the day. Don't ask them to give up the former if you expect them to continue the latter. If you have good performance measurements, playing the "lost productivity" card is a canard.

Begin from a Position of Trust.

While there are possible negatives involved in having employees on the social Web, most employees have common sense. Begin with a set of possibilities first (increasing awareness, improving customer service, gaining customer insight and so on) then draw up a list of worst-case scenarios (bad mouthing the company, inappropriate language, leaking IP, to name a few)..."

I have attached a draft of our own social media policy for our staff as it may be helpful to you.

Download OgilvyPR_Draft_SocMediaPolicy_v2009

The Exhuberance of Twitter: 140Characters

About 3 years ago, I attended Vloggercon in SF. It was held in the funky Swedish American Hall. Schlomo and company did a great job of extending the experience out for a few days and into a bar he owns. We brought a big brand there  and there were a few others there. Mostly it was the spectrum of folks who loved creating video programs online. Rocketboom were the video royalty at the event. Great pioneers like Zadi Diaz (EpicFU now) and Ryanne Hodson were there. Exhuberance. People were jazzed. It was a flat universe....mostly. Schlomo gave out "Bullshit" cards for audience members to hold up should someone on the altar start "selling" vs. sharing, so-to-speak.

A Twitter Community Emerges

I thought of this as I participated in Jeff Pulver's 140 Characters this past week in NYC. There is a flurry of Twitter events happening. From conferences to workshops to Tweetups. 140conf was a rapid-fire 2 days of folks from the social media "center" (sounds better than echochamber), publishing, news and media, politics, social causes, brands and much more. Rick Sanchez was there sticking his ....let's say 'foot' in his mouth. Wyclef Jean was there doing a gracious shout out with Jeff's kids. I was there with 3 brands on twitter. Folks came from across the globe for their 10 minutes on stage and two days of tweetups. People are as excited about Twitter as they have been about deomcratized video creation and distribution as they were about the historical tip of the spear - blogs.

People all over the world are excited about the flattening and immediacy brought on by Twitter. As more and more news (not News but news) is first transmitted via Twitter, people are once again comparing a new, more populist platform to the entrenched News businesses. Lots of mentions of the Tweets from Iran during the post election controversy and potests.

Twitter and Marketing

What does this have to do with marketing? Everything, of course. But unlike a marketing conference where just marketers come together with pre-packaged ideas of how to use social networks and ascending platforms like Twitter to sell stuff, 140 Characters, throws a whole bunch of enthusiasts together from different backgrounds to spark ideas and discussion which may lead itself to some real change and innovation. It reminds me a bit of what Dale and Andrew are doing with WeMedia.

We need more marketers at 140 Characters - both to learn and listen, but also to participate in the discussion about how Twitter and social media will continue to change how we communicate, who we trust, how we make decisions to buy stuff we need.

3 Brands Amidst the Twitterverse

Brands were in the minority at the recent 140 Characters conference. All sorts of people were there with no single tribe majority.

Chris Brogan looked into the audience and declared, "...this is the makeup of Twitter...." With maybe 30 million people on Twitter I am not sure that statement is true but his intent was correct - there's a diverse collection of people and tribes on Twitter.  This diversity made the conference more interesting than many of the social media marketing conferences out there.  

I ran a session with smart marketers who are using Twitter and social media in their business and trying to figure out how to expand that use. We had:

• Kodak: Jennifer Cisney aka Chief Blogger

• Marriott: John Wolf - Senior Director,PR
• Time Warner Cable: Jeff Simmermon - Director Digital Communications

Each is actively on Twitter. They all shared some common experiences:

• The demand to use Twitter internally came from below not from above. While that may not be surprising, I would expect that by now plenty of CMOs and CEOs have felt the peer pressure to get their brands active in this space.

• Everyone has made mistakes on Twitter and survived. When I asked the audience who had made a mistake on Twitter a vast majority raised their hands. Most people there see Twitter as a forgiving universe where those who behave like human beings will earn acceptance from the heterogeneous community.

• Measuring ROI on these efforts lies in the future for now. While each company may be at a slightly different place in terms of adoption of socila media marketing as a core strategy, their twitter handles are embraced as a 'must-do' experiment.

Marriottintl talks at the corporate level (lots of sub-brands in the Marriott universe) with travelers interested in the brand. Often they offer deals or reminders of services. (like Marriott's free night promotion at 300 hotels outside North America)

Jennifer Cisney tweets about all things at the intersection of photography, social media and Kodak.
She has been with the company ten years and as her title suggests is very active in social media on behalf of Kodak.

Jeff and others at TWCable are trying to be helpful to customers by directing them towards customer service solutions while at the same time develop a communications-driven dialogue with customers.

Brands Must Proceed With Care
Earlier Peter Fasano from Coke commented on his own challenge driving social media inside the brand - "How do you steer a big ship with the agility of  a personal brand..." 

Via Twitter @macala made a point that I thought was dead on: "... More brands will try Twitter & create noise for visibility." We need to be careful how we use the platform. We cannot fall into the trap of just counting "mentions" of our brand in Twitter. It's teh quality of those mentions and teh conversations they are a part of that is valuable.

Some folks at the conference piped up that brands shouldn't be marketing at all and shoudl focus on just delivering great customer service. Many more people seem okay with brands on Twitter as the followers of major brands reveal (we do "choose" to follow, after all) 

Brands want to build real relationships with people for benign self-interest (being good to customers is good for business), or because they are actually staffed by people who want real, authentic relationships and see the transformative power of social media. That's who was on our panel. Yes, they want to achieve a business goal but they also respect the personal and trust-based nature of social media.

RESOURCE: Twitter for Business

We relaunched a new version of Twitter for Business: 6 Ways Brands Use Twitter. It features a presentation and a deeper-dive How-to guide that are very useful.

WOM & Restaurants: Form Your Own TasteCasters Posse

I love a few restaurants. I love Jackie's in SilverSpring. I love Pete's Apizza in DC. I know how hard it is to make a sustained buisness out of  a restaurant. I tell people about both whenever I can. I have no material connection to either business and sadly am not even recognized upon my frequent visits. (I mean, come on, I was at Jackie's opening night.....)

So when I discovered Tastecasters, I was intrigued.

A simple service, TasteCasters lets folks with social media juice (followers) form their own local groups to try restaurants and food shops with the express purpose of sharing their experience via their social  graph ( their blog, Facebook page, Twitter, YouTube - you get the picture). Your self-formed group will then get invited by restaurants to come have a session. It's kind of like a tweet-up with an informal commitment to share your experience at the establishment via your own platform.

Dan Harris is the founder and is bootstrapping this effort. He is building the car while driving it so to speak. So, he gets lots of points and latitude for the scaffolding still being in place, so-to-speak. Being a WOMMA ethics guy I had to make a few suggestions that will only help what is an interesting idea. But first it begs the question of what gap is he trying to fill. There are lots of restaurant review sites and the ascendency of Yelp seems to leave little room for improvement. Still, I like the grassroots promise. And the chance to be a more prolific advocate for a restaurant or food shop you care about. But if the only gap TasteCasters fills is free food for tweeters, then this idea cannot fly.

Here is how Dan describes their purpose:

"At TasteCasting, we view this effort and our purpose as a way to help restaurants, coffee shops, bakeries and other food service businesses grow their business. Who knows, we might even positively contribute to our country’s economic recovery."

Disclosure Will Help

His FAQs start to tell the story of how it all works - restaurants do not pay to be covered yet they do provide a free meal. This seems to fly in the accepted wisdom that restaurant reviewers pay for their meals and attend restaurants anonymously to protect their credibility. Not sure that's how it always happens in practice, however.  Things are different now in social media. Offering "influencers" a product experience such that if they choose to post about you they will have something to write about is common. So long as there is full disclosure.

Suggestions: 

1. Make TasteCasters check a box indicating their commitment to disclose their "material connection" to the restaurants - namely that they received a free meal. While Tastemakers has no connection to WOMMA, I cannot help but want to encourage them to adopt practices that will only help their business. 

2. Restaurants (and food shops) have their target customers. How can a restaurant invite a tastecaster event and expect they will get someone within the range of their customer base. It wouldn't work if Jackie's drew a bunch of college kids from University of Maryland. Perhaps if members added a little profile information about the type of food and dining experience they enjoy, the service could do a more refined job of matchmaking.

Building Personal Brands Starts With Being 'Real'

I was in a bad mood last week. I get tired of the over-promotion of social media (e.g. "you must engage in a conversation with your customers and I'm just the guru to help you with that...) as much as the attempt to "leverage" social media from segments of the marketing community (e.g. "can't we just use it as a content channel...") I had also been away from my family for a bit so that might have had something to do with it....

Then I got a much needed reminder from a man I had only known digitally.

Stream Breakfast NYC

Jeff Pulver and I came together to host a Stream Breakfast in NYC via WPP. (Stream is WPP's digital conference and community that culminates in a Yossi Vardi-fueled unconference every Fall). We spoke with about 25 or so marketers within WPP about personal branding. I referred to some of the ways people much craftier than I are managing their digital brand via Facebook, Linked-in, Twitter, their blogs and more. I referenced our own Rohit Bhargava who appears to be intuitive in his ability to breath social media and build his brand (he actually works hard at it). All very practical stuff.

But it was Jeff who reminded me and the others about being real and offering something of yourself to others. He shared some very personal stories quite casually about growing up to use ham radios and his immediate experience with volunteers showing up via a tweet to help with the grunt work of 140conf. His suggestion to the crowd that morning was to be 'real' in whcih I think he meant both be yourself and be generous. There is no reason to build a brand based upon a false sense of who you are.

He listened as much as he spoke. And he offered me a personal insight about being self aware that really made me think. I immediately felt relief. Being real and connecting via social media has opened up my life in ways I cannot describe. I have met people in all parts of the world who I will always think about and hope to connect with again and again.

Jeff gave me a literal and figurative 'hug' when I most needed it.       

Thanks.

Come to the 140 Characters Event in NYC This Week!

Join me on June 16 & 17 as I and, presumably 139 other characters kick off a Jeff Pulver extravaganza - 140 Characters -  in NYC that is bound to be the must-participate Twitter event on either coast. Twitter is being applied to brand marketing and business everyday. It’s simplicity and power has captured people’s attention beyond other Web 2.0 platforms and even the big social nets, themselves. Brands like Dell, WellsFargo, Ford, Marriott, Kodak, Time Warner Cable, Comcast, PBS and so many more are on there driving results.

Here’s how Jeff describes the conference:

“While the original scope of the event was to explore “the effects of twitter on: Celebrity, “The Media”, Advertising and (maybe) Politics”, the scope of the event has expanded and we will be covering these topics and a lot more. #140conf will be taking a look at twitter as a platform and will be taking a look at some of the industries which have been disrupted by the advent of twitter.”

I will be running a panel on Twitter and brands. Don’t just come for one panel. Come for the rapid fire, immersive collection of characters from all sorts of brands, companies, orgs and individuals. If you are into Twitter or know you need to be, please attend:

What: 140 Characters Conference

When/Where:  June16 & 17  - NYC

Get more and register now>

6 Directions on Social Media Measurement: How Will We Come Together?

There are lots of interesting efforts to make sense of Social Media Marketing which I often refer to as Word of Mouth Marketing since that is the outcome of most social media-based efforts. We are somewhere in the second third of our journey towards meaningful, shared measurement. We are in that part where we wrestle with credible yet cimbersome models and pine fo rthe simplicity that came before. Don't we all wish we had "reach and frequency" goals? Doesn't it seem like social media marketing is being held to ahigher standard than the disciplines that came before?

Recently, I have been drawn into or tracking at least 6 different efforts to make sense of soaicl media marketing measurement. It's useful to become aware of them all. Still, the question remains - are we better off with this English-garden growth of discussions, forums, white-paper symposiums, or do we need "one ring to bind them all?"

IAB Social Media Measurement
The IAB recently releasedtheir social media metrics guidelines. These tackle the space from an "advertisers" POV. They are also trying to develop meaningful KPIs that acknowledge what the space does well - foster conversations - and what marketers want - a way to place their brand in the conversation. Here is a snapshot from the Guidelines:

"Ad campaigns can target a single blog or multiple blogs by category using traditional
interactive reach and audience metrics. However, additional targeting value can also be
derived by mapping campaigns to blogs engaged in common “conversations” through the
form of shared links, referencing each-other’s content. The social connection of publisher-to-publisher relationships through these content links aggregates engaged consumers into a
desirable and topic-engaged audience.

The ability to aggregate audiences by topic is dynamic, following the dialogue consumers are having. Following these “conversations”, an advertiser or brand evangelist is able to tailor creative to incorporate the messages, language, and tone audiences are using at the current moment and effectively speak directly to them, rather than building creative which is solely based on statistical reach and audience metrics."

Their general social media  metrics are nothing new. It is the list of KPIs that we have all been tracking: unique visitors, page views, visits, interaction rate, time spent, etc.. The new territory (for IAB) is their method for assessing the conversation space.

• Conversation Size means they are now looking across the social Web for relevant mentions of an advertisers campaign language. This is the equivalent of Ogilvy's Conversation Criteria which I would argue is a more relevant approach than:

"Number of Conversation Relevant Sites: The count of sites in the conversation whose content contains conversation phrases from the client’s Request for Proposal (RFP) or Insertion Order (IO)."

• Site relevance - are their a lot of relevant mentions of topics that intersect with the brand

• Author Credibility - we have been doing this for years in our Influencer Maps and includes metrics from inbound links to earliest and latest relevant posts.

• Content Freshness and relevance - IAB is suggesting that beyond earliest and latest post that the delta in between or "Mean-time Between Posts" on a subject is important.

If your primary goal is to determine which social sites to advertise on, these all seem like useful metrics. The power of social media lies in between the advertising, however. It lies within the conversation itself. It's hard to see how the  IAB approach will account for the power of earned media.

Word of Mouth Marketing Association Metrics Best Practice Guidebook
Last week, WOMMA (discl:board member) released a draft of what hopes to be a very useful book for brand marketers on the fundamental building blocks of word of mouth marketing measurement. The draft will be revised between now and November. Still, it serves as a useful guidebook even now.

The WOMMA Metrics Guidebook covers the fundamentals of Conversation Volume and Share, Influencer Value and offers up examples of some of the ways companies are fashioning measurement models to guide perfomance metrics, advocacy valuation and even the ever-elusive "value of a conversation."

This will help marketers understand and share a vocabulary about what matters in measurement. There remains at least two extra steps to tackle to make this Guidebook all that it can be:

• A closer connection to the real ways marketers want to use social media. If you accept, as I do, that word of mouth marketing is a bigger tent yet inclusive of social media marketing, you must also agree that the main ring in that circus is social media. The Guidebook will be stringer if it ackoedges that marketers want to know now how to measure social media and make more direct mention of how they are doing that.

• Cast a broader net to capture more ways that more marketers are measuring social media. Our model, Conversation Impact, is not covered here and I assume that many others are not as well. Perhaps I am pining for more of a complete index than a "guidebook" but still, there is a lot of good thinking on measurement out there beyond what is currently captured in the Guidebook.  

Social Media Advertising Consortium
The new kid on the block, SMAC has developed in a small corner of the social media "in-crowd" as a non-profit association determined to make sense of the value and impact of paid evertising in social media. What they will accomplish beyond what IAB sets out to do remains unclear. Looking at the membership with nary an ad agency in sight, I am guessing that they will focus on the combined impact for marketers of paid and earned media in this landscape.  Here's what they say about themselves:

"In 2009, social network advertising revenues will hit an estimated $1.825 billion.* Yet the industry is still fuzzy on the details – what they’re selling, what they’re buying, and how to measure success. As a result, players, big and small, are eager to unite to find solutions for social media’s challenges.

SMAC fosters collaboration throughout the entire social media ecosystem, diving deep into critical issues and staying ahead of this constantly evolving industry. By bringing together buy side, sell side, and research professionals to develop relevant standards, comprehensive research and definitive measurement tools, our goal is to grow revenues and increase engagement."

Advertising Research Foundation
The forum for paid media modeling, ARF has been scartching in the dirt trying to find meaning behind the concept of "engagement" for a few years. There efforts led to this slightly etherial gem of a definition for engagement: "Turning on a prospect to a brand idea enhanced by the surrounding context."

They are a good forum for those of us who really care about meaningful masurement. their Audience Measurement 4.0 conference is on June 23 + 24 in NYC.

Most of the tracks in AM4.0 are not about WOM or social media. At least two of the tracks - The World of Social Media & Search Measurement & The Value of Cross-Media, Engagement & Influencer Marketing - deal directly with what we are most concerned with. Of all of the 'too many' social media conferences on the horizon, this is one that I consider essential and is likely to remain so for the next few years.

i-COM
Based in Europe, these folks are trying to bind all of the relevant Web associations internationally to come together via a series of events. They want to drive collaboration on standards and ways to measure. Their field of vision is greater than social media and includes all of what we consider "digital." They are a forum for conversation and debate not a binding body, per se. It is still early yet to know whether this will lead to more generally accepted social media marketing metrics but the intent is good - invite everyone to the table.

Conversation Impact
We have been planning and deploying social media programs for 5 years. we started by simply reporting relevant metrics. Sometimes this was like public relations "output" reporting (how many blog posts, comments, videos-posted, etc...). We graduated to a more menaingful "impact-based" model that we call Conversation Impact. We will discuss this model at the upcoming ARF Audience Measurement 4.0 summit in NYC.

We are jumping ahead to a credible and simple model that makes sense to brand marketers and can be implemented for most campaigns without requiring federal bailout dollars to underwrite the measurement plan. Using a mix of traditoinal Web metrics and new Listening Post methodology, we combine web behavior reporting and social media-based word of mouth to report against three big (and meaningful) categories: Reach, Preference and Action.

We purposely move beyond the trap of trying to quantify or value "engagement" and jump to what matters more to marketers - did we increase product preference?

Our model is open. Anyone can use it. the formulas are all revealed. we shall see how much traction it gains in the marketplace going forward.  

______

Lots going on from across different organizations. That seems as it should be for now. We need as many brains thinking this through as possible. Eventually, we need some 'coming together' around how to measure both the earned and paid side of using social media and, most importantly, the combineed effect of both. Will that be some combination of WOMMA and IAB working together? Will groups like SMAC step up to fill a legitimate void? Too early to tell.

Marcelo Tas: Brazil's #1 Social Media Enthusiast

 

He's a TV celebrity, internet pioneer, father of 3, overall good-guy and has more than 75K followers on Twitter. Marcelo Tas has been engaged with the Internet and television for well over a decade (I love meeting guys who have been around as long as I have). I had a great dinner with him in Sao Paulo last week.

He shared a bit about himself, his social media life and his insights in Brazilian social media - all while standing outside our restaurant on the street.

 He has a hugely popular live TV show in Brazil. He will go live from April through December which makes me tired just thinking about it. Online he has his blog and his very popular Twitter feed. He is a brand and a very appealing one from where I sit. Essentially I see Marcelo as a creative entrepeneur. That means he has a natural curiosity that drives him to constantly try things and invent things, mostly media. He told me of his online shows via UOL where he challenged experts to unpack complex topics like university economist who had to explain the global economic meltdown to a taxi driver. So smart.

He regularly speaks to large brands about his experience and insights into digital culture. Here's an excerpt from my interview with him outside our restaurant in Sao Paulo. One thing is clear, Marcelo comes alive in a new way when you turn on the camera. I love his energy.

Marcelo Tas' Blog

Marcelo's Twitter Feed

His show

How Are Brands Handling Social Media in Brazil

People like Michel Lent, Carla Meneghini, and Renata Saraiva at Ogilvy have developed a great integrated approach to social media marketing and digital influence programs. They live and work in Sao Paulo which I can only describe from my naive pov as the New York City of Brazil, if not of the overall region. It is a kick-ass city with more culture, food and commerce than any I have visited in a while. Traffic too, but that's another story.

We met with many brands last week. They are all taking social media very seriously. As in many markets there is a range of brand adoption behaviors including:

• Brands who want to put listening programs in place to understand what consumers are saying about them in blogs, Orkut and Twitter

• Brands fascinated with Twitter and ready to accept that platform as a microcosm of cgm chatter

• Brands looking to a number of partners - small and big - for guidance and not always getting the best recomendations (In my opinion)
• Brands looking to their traditional agencies and to new boutiques (there are a few new social media boutiques using simple cgm listening capabilities to build business)
• Brands embracing the idea of new influencers and inviting them to interact with the brand
• An emphisis on using social media without clear expectations around realistic measurement and impact
• Brand marketers looking at social media as a channel (pitfall)
• Communications execs trying to make the case at the C-suite level for the relevance and impact of social media marketing and communications

It's all good, essentially. Brazil is such a big and fast-growing market. The key to all of this is how fast the market is growing. With 197 million people and 68 million on the internet (35%), there is a critical mass of people and influencers that can drive marketing and communications.

There are always limits on infrastructure - how fast can we grow 35% to 50% by sheer "pipe" alone? How can we go from 6.8 million broadband users to 10 million? Still, just keep an eye on adoption curves - how fast Brazilians grabbed onto Orkut and Twitter - these tell a story of a market that will explode in a blink of an eye. And the marketing and communications professionals at the brands seem to know it. 

Some facts about Brazil (from Globotrends wiki):

• BR - 196,342,587 population - Country Area: 8,544,418 sq km
• 67,510,400 users as of Dec/08, 34.4% penetration, per ITU.
• 6,788,100 Broadband subs as of Nov.26/08, per ITU, 3.5% p.r.